Normal cervical rom goniometer Discussion: Cervical flexion-extension, lateral flexion and rotation will be assessed with bedside instruments. Sports Med. 6 It may help Jan 3, 2025 · Cervical range of motion (CROM) biomechanical assessment is pivotal for objectively evaluating and analyzing human movement, identifying abnormalities, and guiding treatment progression. Goniometry originates from 2 Greek words: gonia, which means angle, and metron, which means to measure. 35 to 38. Determine a cervical spine’s end of a range of motion and end-feel as well. Comparison of cervical range of motion assessed with a validated measurement tool, the CROM goniometer, with results of both frequently applied clinician’s instruments, the uniplanar goniometer and measurement of chin-sternal distance, showed low reliability with the latter techniques, and motion values measured with these techniques should This study was conducted to establish normative cervical range of motion values for the elderly and to compare those values to standard young adult cervical range of motion values. The term 'goniometry' is derived from the greek words 'gonia' meaning angle and 'metron' meaning measure, therefore goniometry refers to the measurement of angles, which in rehabilitation settings refers to the measurement of angles in each plane at the joints of the body. Physical Therapy, 1992. Results show that the measurements obtained with this goniometer align well with previous studies, demonstrating significant reliability in both male and ROM Using a Goniometer (Geelhoed et al, 2006): Flexion: 20-45 degrees Extension: 25-45 degrees Lateral Flexion: 20-40 degrees Rotation: not assessed to due difficulty differentiating from L-spine ROM Using a Tape Measure (Geelhoed et al, 2006): Flexion: >2. Avoid flexion, extension, & lateral flexion of spine. The May 18, 2022 · In this video I demonstrate how to correctly perform lumbar flexion and extension AROM measurements using a goniometer Oct 31, 2020 · A total of 230 (124 male) healthy, asymptomatic subjects, aged between 18 and 87 years were included. 1 The resulting Jul 24, 2016 · The biomechanics of the cervical region are among the most complex motions within the human spine. These measurement devices are easy to use and are relatively inexpensive. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine normal values for cervical active range of motion (AROM) obtained with a "cervical-range-of-motion" (CROM) instrument on EasyAngle is more than a Digital Goniometer. A goniometer is placed on the head and measured by looking at the numbers to represent angular distance on a device. The putposes of thk study were (I) to determine n o m l values for cervical active range of motion (AROM) obtained with a "cervical-range-of-motion" (CROM) instrument on healthy subjects whose ages spanned 9 decades, (2) to determine whether age andgender a&t six cervical AROMs, and (3) to examine the intra-Cervical spine active range of motion (AROM) has been studied -1) Universal goniometer is about 40 degrees in adults 2) the mean cervical flexion ROM obtained with a tape measure ranges from 1. What is Normal Mean Cervical Flexion ROM? 0 - 40 Degrees (+/- 12 Degrees) 1 / 23. Keywords: Cervical range of motion Mar 31, 2016 · Cervical spine active range of motion (AROM) will be measured using a JAMAR E-Z Read goniometer (Patterson Medical, Warrenville, IL, USA), a plastic universal twelve-inch, double-armed 360 Normal variation of the cervical range of motion (CROM) is influenced by age and sex, 2-4 degeneration, pathology, surgery, or trauma, as well as factors such as pain, 5,6 muscle spasm, and whether the movement is performed actively or passively. 84 (ICC). This tool was employed in a clinical setting to evaluate the full active ROM (AROM) of the cervical spine (i. Methods A reliability study. 2017; 17 :40-44 Crossref Jan 14, 2021 · Learn the proper technique to measure cervical flexion range of motion using a goniometer. 80. Cervical range of motion was measured by goniometry and fleximetry at two time points 7 days apart. Feb 2, 2021 · The cervical spine can move in all three cardinal planes (sagittal, frontal, and transverse). Jul 27, 2023 · The cervical ROM values of female and male participants are presented in Figure 1 and the lumbar ROM values are presented in Figure 2. e. Range of motion was assessed by placing a goniometer on the axis of the joint and having the therapist help the subject move the extremity through its active range of motion. Goniometer dikembangkan di Prancis pada awal tahun 1900-an. Analysis of variance and the Scheffé post hoc test was used to investigate the differences of ACROM between the decades of age. 4,5 Cervical ROM is frequently measured when patients having neck pain visit the physical therapy clinics. , flexion/extension, lateral bending, and Oct 1, 2020 · The Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) device, the standard goniometer, and the inclinometer are the most commonly used tools to measure cervical ROM (Childs et al. If range of motion was normal for all joints, please comment in your narrative summary. Apr 22, 2008 · The study is to provide a critical analysis of the research literature on clinimetric properties of instruments that can be used in daily practice to measure active cervical range of motion (ACROM) in patients with non-specific neck pain. Fitzgerald et al (4) demonstrated the relationship between the range of motion and age. Nov 1, 1992 · It was concluded that AROM measurements on the cervical spine with the CROM instrument demonstrated good intratester and intertester reliability, because the intraclass correlation coefficients were generally greater than . Extremity Joints POM normal ROM Neck Extension 45 Flexion 45 Rotation 60 Lateral flexion 45 Upper extremity Shoulder Extension 60 Flexion 180 Abduction 180 Adduction* 40 Elbow Extension 0 Flexion 150 Wrist Extension 70 Flexion 80 Lower extremity Apr 24, 2019 · Move a body part through its appropriate cervical range of motion (ROM). Cervical range of motion (CROM) measurements can be done in various ways. Schober first described the two-mark method in 1937, which involves marking the lumbosacral junction and a spot 10 cm higher, then measuring the increase in distance between the two marks after the subject bends forward as far as possible. Apr 8, 2009 · Comparison of cervical range of motion assessed with a validated measurement tool, the CROM goniometer, with results of both frequently applied clinician’s instruments, the uniplanar goniometer and measurement of chin-sternal distance, showed low reliability with the latter techniques, and motion values measured with these techniques should Goniometry is the art and science of measuring the joint ranges in each plane of the joint. Regression analysis showed that 27. Objective. B. , 2008; Blanpied et al. A universal goniometer is used to measure cervical rotation if measured in sitting. After that, read the measuring instrument properly. 3 Several methods are currently available for measuring spinal range of motion Jan 1, 2011 · Intervertebral range of motion characteristics of normal cervical spinal segments (C0-T1) during in vivo neck motions Journal of Biomechanics, Volume 98, 2020, Article 109418 Chaochao Zhou , …, Thomas Cha The purpose of this article is to present an assessment method, in conjunction with age-related normal values, for lumbar spinal range of motion. Supplementary Digital Content 1. . Aug 10, 2016 · Measurement of ROM of the cervical spine using both the tape measure and the goniometer is commonplace. Introduction Sep 1, 2005 · Good correlation between neck ROM measurements obtained from cervical goniometer and CROM instrument ascertains that the technique and the assessment equipment designed indigenously is valid and reliable. Normal range of motion in the lower extremity joints is not static but changes across the life span, from birth until the later decades of life (). 043). VARMA All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi A large number of orthopaedic casualties during the 1914-1918 war attracted the at. 90 degrees, normal cervical extension ROM a. Standing with cervical, thoracic, & lumbar pine in 0 0 of lateral flexion & rotation: Stabilize pelvis to prevent anterior tilting: Measure distance between spinous processes of C7 & S1 with tape measure: Start in upright zero starting position: End with measurement at end of ROM : Extension Disorders of the cervical spine are the leading health problems and significant cause of disability. 0001) of the variance in FRT mobility can be explained by age and total cervical range of motion (ROM). 25 to 28. May 1, 2010 · Study Design Clinical measurement, validity and intrarater reliability study. This would aid in increasing accuracy and precision of objective measurement while conducting clinical examination to determine the cervical range of motion. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Normal thoracolumbar lateral flexion ROM values for adults range from about _____ degrees. May 22, 2022 · The goniometer is a metal or plastic device with two arms that are used to measure the range of motion of the cervical spine. Construct validity of the goniometer was supported as the test's result documented significant difference in CROM between the control and the neck pain groups. 2 In this The goniometer is based on gravity goniometry and pendular principles, providing an easy-to-use, cost-effective, and harmful-free solution for evaluating range of motion at the cervical spine. , 2008 Aug 10, 2016 · Chapter 8 MEASUREMENT of RANGE of MOTION of the THORACIC and LUMBAR SPINE ANATOMY AND OSTEOKINEMATICS The following discussion of the thoracic and lumbar spine is a synopsis of information presented in several contemporary sources. Active ROM is voluntary motion while passive ROM uses external assistance. Normal glenohumeral abduction ROM values for adults vary from about 90 to 125 degrees. The lumbar flexion ROM values were determined to be statistically significantly higher in females than in males (p=0. The art and science of measuring the joint ranges in each joint plane are called goniometry. C. 91% (p < 0. 1 The resulting To determine reliabilities within and between persons measuring cervical active range of motion (AROM) three methods were examined: use of a cervical-range-of-motion (CROM) instrument, use of a universal goniometer (UG), and visual estimation (VE). Apr 1, 2021 · goniometer, inclinometer and cervical range of motion (CROM) instrument. It is an important tool in evaluation of recovery in a patient with low back pain. Passive range of motion: You don't do anything at all. Jan 14, 2021 · Learn the proper technique to measure cervical side bending range of motion using a goniometer. Normal ROM values according to AAOS. Your therapist, or a machine, moves your joint and stretches the muscles. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the intra-rater reliability and validity of Dec 1, 1992 · The cervical active range of motion and proprioception were assessed using a goniometer, the craniovertebral angle was measured while the heads of the subjects rested in a comfortable position Dec 14, 2020 · Expected findings. Provide a complete description of all affected joints in your narrative summary. Construct validity of the goniometer was supported as the test’s result documented significant difference in CROM between the control and the neck pain groups. Measurements were made on 60 patients with orthoped … Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is goniometer?, What is the tool used to measure, in degrees, the ROM at a joint or group of joints called?, Where in SOAP notes do goniometer measurements go? and more. 45 degrees c. One of these is with a goniometer. Comparison of methods of measuring active cervical range of motion. Methods. Two reviewers independently assessed the clinimetric Cervical spine range of motion (ROM) assessment has long been carried out via use of the universal goniometer (UG) as an objective tool in the evaluation of patient rehabilitation pre- and post-operatively. 5 cm Mar 1, 1978 · CERVICAL GONI01\fETER 13 CERVICAL GONIOMETER! JAYANT JOSHI, SORAN SINGH, CHANDRA KANTA AND S. Jun 25, 2022 · To determine Intra and Inter-rater reliability of mobile device goniometer in measuring lumbar flexion range of motion. D. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What is the typical position for a patient to be in when measuring ROM in the cervical spine?, What is usually stabilized when measuring cervical spine ROM?, Normal values for cervical flexion using goniometer and more. Knowledge of lumbar range of motion may aid in determining levels of spinal pathology, guidelines for treatment, and patient response to treatment. Objectives (1) To confirm the validity and assess between-day test-retest reliability of cervical spine motion measurements made with the cervical range of motion (CROM) device in flexion, extension, bilateral rotation, and bilateral side flexion; (2) to provide meaningful information to clinicians about the standard Dec 23, 2018 · Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah goniometer yang sesuai dengan ciri sendi. A. Range of motion for abduction (shoulders only), extension and flexion of the shoulders, elbows and wrists was assessed by a physical therapist. Measurement Of Cervical Range Of Motion. figures below, showing the maximum possible range of motion or by notating the chart in degrees. Joint range of motion (ROM) is an important assessment to aid diagnostic and clinical decision-making for persons with a wide variety of neuromusculoskeletal conditions. Methodology: Two hundred and thirty-three asymptomatic subjects with age group of 10-80 years participated in the study. 28% (p < 0. Oct 13, 2022 · goniometry for upper limb discusses in concise the different types of goniometers available for measuring various joint rom, principles of goniometry and placement of goniometer for measuring range of motion in upper limb (shoulder, elbow, forearm and wrist joint). 7 cm Extension: >2. Additionally, a recent systematic review identified that total active ROM is significantly decreased in patients with neck pain when compared to healthy individuals (Stenneberg et al. Study design: Prospective clinical study. , What part of the SOAP note is described as a factual and reproducible record of what occurred during an intervention? A. A gravity goniometer was used to measure six c … Methods. read less goniometer, inclinometer and cervical range of motion (CROM) instrument. Apr 1, 2020 · Background In clinical setting, the cervical range of motion (ROM) is commonly used to identify movement impairment and assess function of neck. Ensink et al (5) described how range-of-motion measurements changed according to the time of day because of loss of height of the intervertebral discs. When using a goniometer or stand Assessing joint range of motion (ROM) is an important step in understanding the overall health of the joint. A computerized literature search was performed in Medline, Cinahl and Embase from 1982 to January 2007. 1 ' 2 To perform an accurate assessment of the lumbar spine, objective clinical methods of measurement are necessary. The established criteria for a normal range of motion are as follows: 38 • for flexion, 38 • for extension, 43 Feb 1, 2000 · ntly available for clinically measuring the cervical range of motion. 7 The FRT is described as a reliable, non- invasive method of cervical manual examination, 8 which is useful in differential diagnosis of cervico- genic headache. Numerous valid tools are available to measure cervical range of motion, including inclinometers Shin et al, 2012), digital inclinometers (Farooq et al, 2016), measuring tape and goniometer (Yankai Two separate cross-sectional studies were conducted using the digital goniometer EasyAngle (Meloq AB, Stockholm, Sweden) for a) investigating the concurrent validity of upper cervical range of motion (ROM) during the FRT and b) determining the inter- and intra-rater reliability in the target population of patients with head and neck pain. Alat ukur Range of Motion (ROM) Perangkat yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mengukur ROM adalah goniometer. Standing with cervical, thoracic, & lumbar pine in 0 0 of lateral flexion & rotation: Stabilize pelvis to prevent anterior tilting: Measure distance between spinous processes of C7 & S1 with tape measure: Start in upright zero starting position Disorders of the cervical spine are the leading health problems and significant cause of disability. Range of motion. We would like to show you how simple it is to use EasyAngle to make fast and accurate measurements. The advent of novel ROM assessment technology, such as HALO digital goniometer (DG), presents an avenue for research and Nov 17, 2015 · Mayer et al (3) measured the range of motion in individuals with and without lumbar pain. Feb 11, 2024 · The measurement of lumbar flexion commonly involves a technique developed by Schober and later modified by Macrae and Wright. When used properly, the . May 3, 2013 · Numerous valid tools are available to measure cervical range of motion, including inclinometers Shin et al, 2012), digital inclinometers (Farooq et al, 2016), measuring tape and goniometer (Yankai An assessment method, in conjunction with age-related normal values, is presented for lumbar spinal range of motion by a combination of goniometry and spinal distraction techniques, demonstrating that a significant decrease in lumbr spinal range-of-motion is expected with increasing age. May 11, 2020 · Range of motion (ROM) measurements are performed to evaluate joint impairment, develop treatment goals, assess progress, and modify treatment. 90 degrees, cervical flexion/extension goniometry alignment fulcrum: proximal arm: distal arm: and more. Cervical, thoracic, & lumbar pine in 0 0 of flexion, extension & lateral flexion. Jun 6, 2023 · Whitcroft KL, Massouh L, Amirfeyz R, et al. Lower Body; Prather H, Harris-Hayes M, Hunt D, Steger-May K, Mathew V, Clohisy JC. 1 / 23 Where is the Goniometer Alignment of the Fulcrum during measurements of CONCLUSION: The ACRON cervical goniometer was found to be reliable for measuring cervical mobility in 3 planes for both normal and patient subjects. Lumbar flexion, lumbar extension, and right and left lateral flexion were measured on 172 subjects by a combination of goniometry and spinal distraction techniques. Jun 8, 2023 · Active assistive range of motion: You do these exercises with your therapist's help. In summary, the OMCS has good repeatability and validity when measuring CROM and is an effective way to evaluate cervical vertebral range of motion. 0001) of the variance in FRT mobility can be explained by age alone, while 41. , Thoracolumbar mptomatic subjects of Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. CERVICAL Research Report N o m a l Range of Motion of the Cervical Spine: An Initial Goniometric Study The putposes of thk study were (I) to determine n o m l valuesfor cervical active range of motion (AROM) obtained with a "cervical-range-of-motion"(CROM) instrument on healthy subjects whose ages spanned 9 decades, (2) to determine whether age andgender a&t six cervical AROMs, and (3) to examine the Aug 19, 2024 · Purpose To assess the test–retest and inter-rater reliability of goniometry and fleximetry in measuring cervical range of motion in individuals with chronic neck pain. Because of current budgetary restrictions, clinicians are being asked to justify their interventions objectively, and to do so, they will need validated tools. Measurement of vertebral joint range of motion (ROM) is clinically done with a goniometer or tape mea~ure. Thirty individuals with chronic neck pain were selected. The segmental movements have six degrees of freedom relative to a Cartesian coordinate system and are coupled between lateral flexion, rotation, and flexion or extension, depending on the segmental levels during normal global motion. Inclinometer cervical ROM measurements have exhibited reliability coefficients ranging from 0. K. In orthopedics, the former description applies more. The average number of degrees of motion that the cervical (cervicocranial – head and neck) spine can move is: Flexion — 50 degrees; Extension — 80 degrees; Right lateral flexion — 45 degrees; Left lateral flexion — 45 degrees Cervical ROM tests can be measured with an inclinometer. Hip range of motion and provocative physical examination tests reliability and agreement in asymptomatic volunteers. ~ Goniometry of neck motions has been described and was thought to be the least accu- rate of all common measurements of the joints of the body due to the paucity of available landmarks Background: Cervical spine range of motion (ROM) assessment has long been carried out via use of the universal goniometer (UG) as an objective tool in the evaluation of patient rehabilitation pre- and post-operatively. 30 degrees b. , 2017). Four hundred asymptomatic persons were included, 100 for each decade of age from 20 years to 60 years and in each subgroup 50 males and 50 females. 4,7,11 Although the cervical spine is built for maximum mobility, the thoracic spine and lumbar spine are built for weight bearing… Sep 7, 2022 · A forward head position decreases cervical range of motion, as the head increases in weight due to gravity. Stabilize pelvis to prevent rotation. Plan. * Studies in the pediatric population have demonstrated increased hip flexion, abduction, and rotation range of motion in infants and young children compared with the adult population (see Table 16-3). ROM NORMAL. Linear regression analysis was performed May 1, 2014 · Specifically, this review will (1) summarise the methods used to measure cervical ROM in research studies involving patients with cervical spine disorders, (2) determine the evidence for using cervical ROM in patient diagnosis and prognosis, and (3) determine the potential effects of manipulation (thrust and non-thrust) on cervical ROM. Moving arm merupakan garis yang akan digerakan mengikuti lingkup gerak yang mampu dilakukan pasien. Subjective. measurements taken using a goniometer are both reliable and valid. The purpose of this article is to present an assessment method, in conjunction with age-related normal Jun 7, 2020 · A goniometer is a device that measures an angle or permits the rotation of an object to a definite position. cervical problems. The ACRON cervical goniometer was found to be reliable for measuring cervical mobility in 3 planes for both normal and patient subjects. Assessment D. The current clinical standard for assessing ROM is the standard goniometer via YouTube Capture Aug 10, 2016 · Lower Extremity ROM. , 2008 Apr 17, 2014 · About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 20 individuals with a history of CGH and 20 normal individuals participated. There are several types of goniometers, including the universal goniometer. Misalnya sendi yang besar menggunakan goniometer yang besar, dsb. Digital goniometer was used to measure the ROM of the cervical spine. In addition to active cervical mobility measured in the cardinal planes, it is possible to measure ROM of the upper cervical spine using the flexion–rotation test (FRT). Goniometry is used mainly in health and Sep 1, 2021 · In this study, researchers measured flexibility in the ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and cervical spine joints, and the results indicated that the flexibility of these joints gradually decreased with age. Sonography images and a universal goniometer (UG) were used to assess elastic modulus and cervical ROM, respectively. Goniometers (gonio = angle, meter = device to measure) are used to assess ROM. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Normal cervical flexion ROM: a. 66 to 0. Jan 1, 2009 · Measurements of active cervical range of motion (CROM) into flexion, extension, left and right rotation were made with universal goniometer [42,43]. ROM is described in 3 planes and axes and measured using a goniometer. 6 It may help the physiotherapist to determine the Jul 27, 2023 · The cervical ROM values of female and male participants are presented in Figure 1 and the lumbar ROM values are presented in Figure 2. Palpate the appropriate bony landmarks. The advent of novel ROM assessment Feb 12, 2020 · Normal cervical spine range of motion using digital inclinometer in male asymptomatic subjects of Aseer, Saudi Arabia Saudi J. End with measurement at end of ROM : Extension. 3 centimeters 3) normal ROM values for adults measured with double inclinometers are about 50 degrees 4) single inclinometer range from 57 degrees to 90 degrees The purposes of this study were (1) to determine normal values for cervical active range of motion (AROM) obtained with a "cervical-range-of-motion" (CROM) instrument on healthy subjects whose ages spanned 9 decades, (2) to determine whether age and gender affect six cervical AROMs, and (3) to exami … Oct 1, 2020 · The Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) device, the standard goniometer, and the inclinometer are the most commonly used tools to measure cervical ROM (Childs et al. This form is for when your muscles are too weak to complete the full range of motion, or it's too painful for you. Keywords: cervical range of motion, optical motion capture system, repeatability, validity. 1-3 Normal cervical spine range of motion (ROM) is usually altered by these disorders. The population consisted of 31 healthy Range of motion measurement of cervical flexion The Bland-Altman plots demonstrated that most of the data were within the 95% consistency limit. It functions as an Inclinometer, Scoliometer, measures Trunk/ Back Range of Motion (BROM), Cervical Range of Motion (CROM) and Scapular mobility. Below are generally accepted values for a normal ROM for some individual joints as measured in degrees: Feb 18, 2024 · This article aims to provide a brief overview of available bedside instruments for examining cervical range of motion, including the goniometer, inclinometer, and cervical range of motion (CROM) instrument. Normal shoulder complex abduction ROM values for adults vary from about 170 to 180 degrees. Several systematic reviews have concluded the CROM device is both reliable and valid in patients with non-specific neck pain ( de Koning et al. Sep 1, 2021 · In this study, researchers measured flexibility in the ankle, knee, hip, shoulder, elbow, wrist, and cervical spine joints, and the results indicated that the flexibility of these joints gradually decreased with age. tention of various scientists towards the evaluation of range of motion at joints. To characterize the sample, we used the Jan 14, 2021 · Learn the proper technique to measure cervical spine extension range of motion using a goniometer. For assessing and improving the cervical ROM and proprioception, we developed the device using the digital goniometer with inertial measurement unit. 0 to 4. Abnormal spinal motion is associated with abnormal spinal mechanics. 7 Motion of the lumbar spine must be assessed in all planes including flexion, extension The CROM is the only instrument for which normal values have been established for cervical range of motion. Align a goniometer with a cervical spine’s landmarks. SPINE. Numerous decisions regarding patient status and treatment are based wholly or in part on joint motion measurements. 4, 5 Cervical ROM is frequently measured when patients having neck pain visit the physical therapy clinics. Each joint has a normal ROM range of values, while each person has a different amount of ability to achieve it. 15 to 18. 5 Another study used a cervical range of motion device to measure cervical spine ROM in prepubescent children. ACROM was measured with the cervical range of motion (CROM) device. (2010). Goniometer terdiri dari axis, moving arm dan stationary arm. Learn the proper technique to measure cervical spine rotation range of motion using a goniometer. Differences in range of motion between men and women were also assessed. Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to quantify normal lumbar range of motion (ROM) and compare these results with those used to perform 15 simulated activities of daily living (ADLs) in asymptomatic subjects. The first known use of a primitive clinicians to assess neck range of motion. 60 degrees d. iPod mobile device with goniometer software was used. 45 to 48. 35(19): E976-E980. Sep 8, 2016 · Assessment of range of motion (ROM) of the lumbar spine is a critical aspect of lumbar spine examination. The average number of degrees of motion that the cervical (cervicocranial – head and neck) spine can move is: Flexion — 50 degrees; Extension — 80 degrees; Right lateral flexion — 45 degrees; Left lateral flexion — 45 degrees Feb 12, 2020 · Optimal cervical range of motion (ROM) is essential for maximizing function of the cervical spine. Several systematic reviews have concluded the CROM device is both reliable and valid in patients with non-specific neck pain (de Koning et al. luwqfu ynpvca jbzsf ilbtll ibav yfoif obrb xse gme tqfdc